Abstract In a collisionless shock, there are no binary collisions to isotropize the flow. It is therefore reasonable to ask to which extent the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) jump conditions apply. Following up on recent works which found a significant departure from MHD in the case of parallel collisionless shocks, we here present a model allowing to compute the density jump for collisionless shocks. Because the departure from MHD eventually stems from a sustained downstream anisotropy that the Vlasov equation alone cannot specify, we hypothesize a kinetic history for the plasma, as it crosses the shock front. For simplicity, we deal with non-relativistic pair plasmas. We treat the cases of parallel and perpendicular shocks. Non-MHD behavior is more pronounced for the parallel case where, according to MHD, the field should not affect the shock at all.