Context. Emission and absorption features from C-like ions serve as temperature and density diagnostics of astrophysical plasmas. R-matrix electron-impact excitation data sets for C-like ions in the literature merely cover a few ions, and often only for the ground configuration. Aims. Our goal is to obtain level-resolved effective collision strength over a wide temperature range for C-like ions from N II to Kr XXXI (i.e., N⁺ to Kr³⁰⁺) with a systematic set of R-matrix calculations. We also aim to assess their accuracy. Methods. For each ion, we included a total of 590 fine-structure levels in both the configuration interaction target and close-coupling collision expansion. These levels arise from 24 configurations 2l³nl′ with n = 2−4, l = 0−1, and l′ = 0−3 plus the three configurations 2s²2p5l with l = 0−2. The AUTOSTRUCTURE code was used to calculate the target structure. Additionally, the R-matrix intermediate coupling frame transformation method was used to calculate the collision strengths. Results. We compare the present results of selected ions with archival databases and results in the literature. The comparison covers energy levels, transition rates, and effective collision strengths. We illustrate the impact of using the present results on an Ar XIII density diagnostic for the solar corona. The electron-impact excitation data is archived according to the Atomic Data and Analysis Structure (ADAS) data class adf04 and will be available in OPEN-ADAS. The data will be incorporated into spectral codes, such as CHIANTI and SPEX, for plasma diagnostics.