The purpose of this study is to understand atmospheric factors from local to synoptic scales, which cause mudflow variability on interannual and longer time scales. In a first step, historical data of mudflow occurrences in Uzbekistan provided by the Centre of Hydrometeorological Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzhydromet) for more than 140 years was analysed. During the investigation period a total of about 3000 mudflow events were observed with about 21 events per year on average. The majority of mudflows occur during the advection of westerly airflow when moist air from Central and Southern Europe reaches Uzbekistan. This synoptic weather type (SWT) can be related to one of the 15 primary synoptic circulation types over Central Asia (CA) and Uzbekistan, which were subjectively derived by Bugayev and Giorgio in the 1930–40s. To understand the main atmospheric regimes steering the variability of mudflow occurrences, we applied additionally an objective classification following the Circulation Weather Types (CWT) approach. By means of the CWT approach, we further analyse that on mudflow-days the frequencies of cyclonic (C), westerly (W), south-westerly (SW) and north-westerly (NW) stream flows are increased in comparison to the climatological frequency of the occurrence of these circulation weather patterns. Results confirm that CWT westerly airflow initiates relatively more mudflow events comparing to other CWTs in study area. Integrated approach of the CWT classification and an antecedent daily rainfall model are combined together in logistic regression analysis to construct mudflow triggering precipitation threshold per CWT class. In general W, SW and C weather types require less antecedent rainfall amount to trigger mudflow occurrences in the study area. This technique is thus shown to be applicable to coarse resolution climate model diagnostics.